Hydrophobicity of graphene as a driving force for inhibiting biofilm formation of pathogenic bacteria and fungi

Objective

To evaluate the surface and wettability characteristics and the microbial biofilm interaction of graphene coating on titanium.

Levels of lipid peroxides and antioxidants in smokers and nonsmokers

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to evaluate the relationship between cigarette smoking and periodontal damage in terms of the levels of free radicals and antioxidants. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Thirty-five healthy subjects in the age group 25-56 yr and with chronic moderate inflammatory periodontal disease (attachment loss of 3-4 mm) were selected. All subjects were matched with respect to the clinical parameters plaque index, gingival index and attachment loss. Of the 35 subjects, 25 were smokers (smoking a minimum of 15 cigarettes/day) and 10 were nonsmokers. Smokers were subdivided into three subgroups: group I (10 subjects smoking 15-20 cigarettes/day); group II (10 subjects smoking 21-30 cigarettes/day) and group III (five subjects smoking > 50 cigarettes/day). Gingival tissue (obtained during Modified Widman surgery) and blood samples were collected from each of the subjects and analyzed for the following parameters: lipid peroxide, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione and total thiol. RESULTS: The level of lipid peroxide was lowest in nonsmokers (2.242 +/- 0.775 in tissue and 1.352 +/- 0.414 in blood) and highest in smokers smoking > 50 cigarettes/day (6.81 +/- 1.971 in tissue and 4.96 +/- 0.890 in blood), both in tissue and in blood. The increase was statistically significant in all groups, except in tissue of group I smokers. Catalase showed a similar trend, where the levels increased from 0.245 +/- 0.043 in controls to 0.610 +/- 0.076 in group III smokers for tissue, and from 0.231 +/- 0.040 in controls to 0.568 +/- 0.104 in group III smokers for blood. The increase was statistically significant for all groups. Total thiol levels were also higher in smokers than in controls (0.222 +/- 0.050 in controls vs. 0.480 +/- 0.072 in group III smokers in tissue; 0.297 +/- 0.078 in controls vs. 0.617 +/- 0.042 in group III smokers in blood). Except for group I in both tissue and blood, the increase was statistically significant. The superoxide dismutase (SOD) level was higher in nonsmokers (2.406 +/- 0.477 in tissue and 2.611 +/- 0.508 in blood) than in group III smokers (1.072 +/- 0.367 in tissue and 0.938 +/- 0.367 in blood), both in tissue and in blood, but this was significant only in the case of blood and for group III smokers in tissue. The glutathione level in tissue was consistently lower in smokers than in controls, showing a decrease from 121.208 +/- 37.367 in controls to 46.426 +/- 14.750 in group III smokers, but the decrease was not significant in group I smokers. In the case of blood, the glutathione level dropped from 262.074 +/- 68.751 in controls to 154.242 +/- 51.721 in group III smokers, but was statistically significant only for group III smokers. CONCLUSION: The study results show that smoking increases the level of free radicals in periodontal tissues, which in turn may be responsible for the destruction seen in periodontal diseases.     

多种组织瓣在口腔颌面部组织缺损中的应用

目的：总结12种组织瓣整复口腔颌面部软组织缺损的临床应用价值、技术特点及适应症。方法：对68例口腔颌面部大、中型组织缺损的患者，立即用带蒂肌皮瓣和游离组织瓣进行舌、口底、面颊部、腮腺区等部位的修复重建，并对效果进行观察。结果：54块带蒂肌皮瓣成功率为96．3％（52／54），使用最多的是胸大肌皮瓣；17块游离组织瓣成功率为88．3％（15／17），使用最多的是前臂游离皮瓣。所用各类组织瓣修复效果良好。结论：用组织瓣立即整复口腔颌面部组织缺损，可及时恢复口腔颌面部功能，对提高患者生存质量起到积极作用。     

腓骨肌(皮)瓣一期修复下颌骨缺损

目的：总结应用腓骨肌（皮）瓣一期修复下颌骨缺损的经验.方法：根据7例患者下颌骨缺损的部位和特征,对其腓骨进行截骨和塑形,以恢复其下颌骨的形态和功能,并以大钛板进行坚固内固定.结果：7例以腓骨肌（皮）瓣修复下颌骨缺损患者全部成功,伤口愈合良好.结论：腓骨肌（皮）瓣可根据下颌骨缺损的部位和形态进行截骨和塑形,是用来修复下颌骨缺损的一种理想的方法.     

Strategies to improve quality of life in patients with head and neck cancer: microvascular surgery to nanotechnology

Educational Objectives: 1. Learn selection of microvascular free flaps to improve functional outcome.     

磁化准备真稳态进动快速成像序列在颅脑肿瘤增强中的应用

目的 评估二维磁化准备真稳态进动快速成像(2D-MP-TrueFISP)序列在颅脑肿瘤增强中的应用价值。方法 以60例行头部增强磁共振检查的颅脑患者为研究对象,在增强前后行2D-MP-TrueFISP/2D-SPGR扫描,比较病灶在2D-MP-TrueFISP和2D-SPGR增强后的评分,在2D-SPGR与2D-MP-TrueFISP同一层面分别测量病灶、白质、脑脊液增强前后的信号强度(SI),计算病灶的对比率(CR),比较病灶分别在2D-SPGR与2D-MP-TrueFISP增强前后的CR及在2D-SPGR与2D-MP-TrueFISP增强后的CR差异。结果 病灶在2D-MP-TrueFISP增强后的累积评分为9.0(9.0,9.0)分,明显高于2D-SPGR的7.0(6.0,7.0)分(Z=-6.86,P=0.00)。病灶在2D-SPGR和2D-MP-TrueFISP增强前后的CR差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.01)。病灶在2D-MP-TrueFISP 序列增强后的CR值,与白质比较和与脑脊液比较分别为1.58±0.46和8.50±2.47,均明显高于2D-SPGR的0.57±0.29(t=-17.38,P=0.00)和2.64±0.85(t=-19.71,P=0.00)。结论 相较于2D-SPGR,2D-MP-TrueFISP的增强程度及均匀性更好,轮廓更加清晰,且对病灶周围的水肿显示得更好。     

Changes and mechanisms of FFA/H-FABP in right ventricular lipotoxicity injury of pulmonary arterial hypertension rats induced by monocrotaline北大核心CSCD

肺动脉高压(pulmonary artery hypertension,PAH)是一类复杂的、多因素导致的恶性进展性疾病。PAH患者死亡的主要原因是右心室功能衰竭。在正常生理状态下,心脏60%~90%的能量主要来自于脂肪酸的氧化。研究发现,PAH患者出现明显的右心室代谢紊乱,能量代谢特点转变为糖利用增加而脂肪酸利用减少[1-2]。因此,深入探讨PAH时脂质代谢病理机制及特点,寻找PAH右室损伤的脂毒性靶点具有重要意义。     

盐炙对广西余甘子清除2种自由基作用的谱效关系影响

目的:分析盐炙对广西余甘子清除2种自由基作用的谱效关系影响。方法:通过HPLC法建立了13批广西不同产地余甘子盐炙前后的指纹图谱,并测定清除DPPH自由基和ABTS⁺自由基作用,采用改进的灰色关联度分析法分析谱效关系。结果:盐炙后,清除DPPH自由基新增了11个特征共有峰,清除ABTS⁺自由基新增了12个特征共有峰,清除这2种自由基的作用增强,特征共有峰34(诃子联苯酸)、峰42(鞣花酸)等盐炙后峰面积均增大。结论:清除这2种自由基作用的增强,是广西余甘子盐炙后新产生和含量增加的化学成分组成的化学组分群共同作用的结果,为阐明广西余甘子盐炙后抗氧化活性的物质基础提供了实验依据和新的思路,也为日后其盐炙品的质量评价提供了参考。     

Nano-purification of raw semen minimises oxidative stress with improvement in post-thaw quality of buffalo spermatozoa

The study consisted of application of anti-ubiquitin antibodies (Abs)-coated iron oxide-nanoparticles (IONPs) for minimisation of oxidative stress to contemporary live spermatozoa from the raw semen. Round-shaped IONPs (12.09 ± 0.91 nm) after two-stage functionalisation (silanisation and pegylation) were conjugated with Abs. Four aliquots from each of the 24 ejaculates (4 buffalo bulls) formed Control (Group I) and treatment (II, III and IV) groups; each containing 150 ± 25 million dead/damaged spermatozoa. IONPs-Abs complex were added at ratio of 1:1 (0.5 µg/ml), 1:2 (1.0 µg/ml) and 1:4 (2.0 µg/ml), respectively, in Groups II, III and IV. The semen quality parameters showed improvement at lag-stage (post-nano-purification before processing for cryopreservation). The mean post-thaw motility (%) in Group IV was found to be greater (p < .05) than Group I. Moreover, the overall DNA integrity (%) at post-thaw stage was improved in the nano-purified semen samples. The value of malondialdehyde was greater (p < .001) in Group I than Groups II, III and IV. The mean total antioxidant capacity and superoxide dismutase (U/mg protein) activity values in Group IV was greater (p < .05) than Group I. The study results show that IONPs conjugated with anti-ubiquitin Abs at 2.0 µg/ml can be an effective dose for depletion of dead/damaged spermatozoa from buffalo ejaculates to minimise oxidative stress.